Exam III Review

Personality Psychology

Chapter 10 – Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory (22 points)

            Hierarchy of needs & basic .0assumptions

                Neurotic needs

                Reversed order of needs

                Self-actualization (definition and criteria) and characteristics

                B-values & role of metamotivation (distinguishes self-actualizers) – compare B-love vs. D-love

                Peak experiences/resistance to enculturation

                Jonah complex

                Positive psychology - definition

Chapter 11 – Rogers: Person-Centered Theory (22 points)

                Formative tendency

                Actualizing tendency

                Self-concept (ideal self vs. perceived self)

                Barriers to psychological health (conditions of worth, vulnerability, defensiveness-distortion & denial

                Client-centered psychotherapy & its basic assumption

                Person of tomorrow & existential living (tendency for a person of tomorrow to live in the moment)

                Congruence – most basic condition for psychological growth

                When a person is vulnerable

                Necessary conditions for effective therapy and to foster self-actualization (congruence, empathy, and

                                unconditional positive regard)

Chapter 12 – May: Existential Psychology (22 points)

                Definition & common elements of existentialism

                Being-in-the-world and nonbeing – basic concepts of existentialism

                Anxiety

                Psychotherapy & its purpose

                Ontological guilt & its causes

                Intentionality

                Love - definition

                Define freedom vs. destiny; be able to give examples of each and discuss their interplay

Chapter 13 – Allport: Psychology of the Individual (20 points)

                Uniqueness of the individual

                Definition of personality

                Proprium

                Motives of psychologically mature individuals

                Proactivity and reactivity

                Functional autonomy – give example of functionally autonomous behavior

                Characteristics of adequate theories of motivation

                Study of the individual & methods

                Religious Orientation Scale – intrinsic vs. extrinsic religious attitudes; role of prejudicial attitudes

Chapter 14 – Eysenck, McCrae, and Costa’s Trait and Factor Theories (14 points)

                Factor analysis (definition and use)

                Dimensions of personality (Eysenck)

                Biological bases of personality

                Core components of personality (McCrae & Costa)

                Cortical arousal level

                Role of taxonomy

                Unipolar vs. bipolar traits

            Criticism of earlier personality theorists