Jung: Analytical Psychology
Psychology of Personality
Lecture, Chapter 4
Overview of Analytical Psychology
Jung believed that all humans are motivated by repressed experiences and the
collective unconscious, which includes certain emotionally toned experiences
inherited from our ancestors.
The collective unconscious is composed of groups of inherited ancient or archaic
images.
Self-realization, the goal of development, is achieved by attaining balance
between various opposing forces in personality, such as
introversion/extroversion, rational/irrational, conscious/unconscious, and
male/female.
Jung’s Life
Carl Jung was born into a small, Christian family in Kesswil, Switzerland.
Jung grew up as an only child until age 9, when his only sibling, a sister, was
born.
Both of Jung’s parents were highly religious, his father a pastor and his mother
from a tradition of both spiritualism and mysticism.
Jung saw his mother as emotional and moody with 2 separate dispositions,
practical & warm-hearted vs. unstable and ruthless, and thus distrusted women.
As an adult, Jung involved himself in intimate relationships outside of his
marriage and believed this to be necessary to satisfy his dual personalities.
Jung experienced sexual assault by a man at a young age, possibly influencing
his rejection of Freud’s sexual theories.
Jung believed that deep exploration of one’s personal unconscious will acquaint
him/her with various aspects, or archetypes, of a collective unconscious,
ultimately leading to individuation, or psychological rebirth.
Like both Freud and Adler, Jung’s personal life appears to have influenced the
development of his theory.
Levels of the Psyche
Conscious
Personal unconscious
Collective unconscious
Archetypes – ancient or archaic images derived entirely from the collective
unconscious, most often perceived in dreams; psychic counterpart to an instinct
or physical impulse.
Persona
Shadow
Anima
Animus
Great Mother
Wise Old Man
Hero
Self – “archetype of archetypes” in that it unites all other
archetypes in the process of self-realization
Dynamics of Personality
Causality and Teleology:
Progression and Regression:
Psychological Types
Balance in development among attitudes and functions leads to self-realization
or individuation.
Attitudes are predispositions to act or react in directions of introversion
and/or extroversion.
Functions are styles that, combined with both introversion and extroversion,
form eight possible types.
Thinking – logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas
Extraverted thinking
Introverted thinking
Feeling – the process of evaluating an idea or event
Extraverted feeling
Introverted feeling
Sensing – transmitting physical stimuli to consciousness
Extraverted sensing
Introverted sensing
Intuiting – perception beyond consciousness
Extraverted intuiting
Introverted intuiting
Development of Personality
Jung advanced development beyond childhood, indicating occurrence of
self-realization during mid-life accompanied by possibility of degeneration and
rigidity.
Childhood
Youth
Middle Life
Old Age
Self-Realization is the process of becoming an individual or whole
person, of integrating the opposite poles into a single homogenous individual;
the process of psychological rebirth.
Methods of Investigation
Word Association Test
Dream Analysis
Active Imagination
Psychotherapy
Conclusion
Did Jung use science in his theory development? Was his theory able to generate
research, be falsified, organize data, guide action, be internally consistent,
and be parsimonious?
Where does Jung’s theory fall on the basic issues concerning the nature of
humanity?
Determinism vs. free choice
Pessimism vs. optimism
Causality vs. teleology
Conscious vs. unconscious
Social vs. biological influences
Uniqueness vs. similarities